Search results for "Soluble salt"
showing 7 items of 7 documents
Degradation of stone materials in the archaeological context of the Greek-Roman Theatre in Taormina (Sicily, Italy)
2010
In the present work results on the degradation phenomena of stone materials in the Ancient Theatre of Taormina, one of the most important Greek–Roman monuments of Sicily, are reported. Artificial stone materials in different conservation conditions were investigated. Samples of salt efflorescences from brick walls and degraded setting mortars were taken from the open gallery in “summa cavea”. The chemical, physical and structural characterization was performed by means of X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), both in situ and ex situ. Results showed that the deterioration of stone materials is due to the aggressive action of the enviro…
Degradation study of XVIII century graffiti on the walls of Chiaramonte Palace (Palermo, Italy)
2010
A systematic investigation of the original materials and the degradation phenomena induced by soluble salts on the wall matrix and on the graffiti of the Inquisition jails of Chiaramonte Palace in Palermo (Italy) was carried out. Built in the XIV century, Chiaramonte Palace was used as Inquisition court during the XV–XVI centuries. The ancient graffiti, recently discovered, represent a unique historical witness of the prisoners that lived during that terrible period. In order to study the nature, the amount and the distribution of the salts in the masonry, stone materials sampled at different depth from the wall matrix and saline efflorescences were analysed. Different physical techniques w…
The CRATI project: New insights on the consolidation of saltweathered stone and the case study of San Domenico Church in Cosenza (South Calabria, Ita…
2019
This paper presents the results of a laboratory experimentation carried out on stone materials in the framework of the CRATI project (Knowledge and Restoration through Advanced Integrated Technologies) aimed at testing new products with consolidating properties by means of an integrated methodological approach. After the preliminary characterization of stone materials collected in the pilot site, the second stage of the activities within the project were focused on the formulation and testing of products for the conservation of the same materials against decay, especially salt crystallization, one of the most aggressive and common degrading processes. The San Domenico Church, located in the…
Soil chemical and biochemical properties of a salt-marsh alluvial Spanish area after long-term reclamation
2009
Marisma, one of the largest salt-marsh alluvial areas in SW Spain, has been reclaimed since 1970 by artificial drainage and amendment with phosphogypsum (PG) so as to reduce Na+ saturation. Within the reclaimed area, two 250- × 20-m plots were treated as follows: (1) amendment with 25 Mg/ha of PG every 2 to 3 years between 1979 and 2003 (plot PY); (2) like PY but PG treatment stopped after 1997 (plot DR). A contiguous virgin Marisma salt-marsh plot (MV), neither drained nor amended, was the control. In MV, soil microbial biomass C, most enzyme activities and total organic C content were much greater than in PY and DR soils, despite the salinity stress. The decrease in soil organic matter co…
The use of mineral materials for salinity control in roadside soils
2023
This paper presents the results of a fi eld study on using mineral materials (fi ne-grained sand and medium- -grained gravel) to reduce the concentration of readily soluble salts in a roadside environment. The investigated soils were Rendzic Sceletic Leptosols from an urban area characterized by a shallow humus horizon with a high content of skeletal parts, as well as a lack of homogeneity of the material in the soil profi le. All soil samples were taken from fi ve plots located along the main streets in the city of Opole (Southern Poland). It was revealed that the use of fi ne-grained sand and medium-grained gravel improved the structure of the surface soil layer, and thusfavoured the migr…
A comparative study of different formulations of poultices for soluble salts removal from experimental plasters
2017
Soluble salts extractive capability of some commercial materials currently used in plaster restoration sector (ArbocelTM plus sepiolite; ArbocelTM, sepiolite and sand; Westox-Cocoon®) were tested in the present study, with the aim to evaluate their efficiency, their compatibility with the substrates as well as in terms of costs and duration of intervention. The three poultice products were first characterized in terms of porosimetric distribution. The desalination tests have been performed on samples of plaster specially formulated and made at the laboratory. Experimental specimens were then brought into contact with a solution of Na2SO4 0.3 M. The efficiency rating of these different types…
The influence of coconut fibre and salts composite used for eliminating slipperiness and on roads on soils = Wpływ kompozytu mieszanki włókien kokoso…
2015
The subject of the study is analyzing the impact of coconut fibre and salt mixture used for eliminating slipperiness on roads on roadside soil. The tests were done on the soil samples taken from the fixed areas twice: in the autumn before applying the composite and in the following spring. Laboratory tests indicated decrease of conduciveness in soil after using the composite in wintertime. This can cause decreasing saltiness of roadside soil. In contrast to commonly used methods of eliminating slipperiness on roads with salts only applying the composite could diminish the negative effects of roadside soil saltiness.